Early Research and Outbreaks
“The findings described here provide the first evidence that PFS (Post Fatigue Syndrome) may be due to a mitochondrial disorder precipitated by a virus infection (1988)”
From Lisa Petrison: Paradigm Change
A comparative review of systemic and neurological symptomatology in 12 outbreaks collectively described as chronic fatigue syndrome, epidemic neuromyasthenia, and myalgic encephalomyelitis.
Briggs NC, Levine PH. Clin Infect Dis. 1994
Reflections on epidemic neuromyasthenia (chronic fatigue syndrome). [PDF]
Henderson DA. Clin Infect Dis. 1994
Epidemic neuromyasthenia and chronic fatigue syndrome: epidemiological importance of a cluster definition.
Levine PH. Clin Infect Dis. 1994
“Neuroses of the female cannot explain the syndrome”
Post infectious neuromyasthenia (chronic fatigue syndrome): a summary of ongoing studies.
Salit IE, Abbey SE, Moldofsky H, Ichise M, Garfinkel PE. Can Dis Wkly Rep. 1991
Myalgic encephalomyelitis: an alternative theory. [PDF]
Wilson CW. J R Soc Med. 1990
Myalgic encephalomyelitis–a persistent enteroviral infection? [PDF]
Dowsett EG, Ramsay AM, McCartney RA, Bell EJ. Postgrad Med J. 1990
Myalgic encephalomyelitis and muscle fatigue. [PDF]
Coakley JH. BMJ. 1989
Diagnosing myalgic encephalomyelitis.
Zala J. Practitioner. 1989
Postviral fatigue syndrome.
Behan PO, Behan WM. Crit Rev Neurobiol. 1988
*We have examined the muscle biopsies of 50 patients who had postviral fatigue syndrome (PFS) for from 1 to 17 years. We found mild to severe atrophy of type II fibres in 39 biopsies, with a mild to moderate excess of lipid. On ultrastructural examination, 35 of these specimens showed branching and fusion of mitochondrial cristae. Mitochondrial degeneration was obvious in 40 of the biopsies with swelling, vacuolation, myelin figures and secondary lysosomes. These abnormalities were in obvious contrast to control biopsies, where even mild changes were rarely detected. The findings described here provide the first evidence that PFS may be due to a mitochondrial disorder precipitated by a virus infection.
Idiopathic chronic fatigue and myalgia syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis): some thoughts on nomenclature and aetiology. [PDF]
Byrne E. Med J Aust. 1988
What is myalgic encephalomyelitis? [PDF]
Lloyd AR, Wakefield D, Boughton C, Dwyer J. Lancet. 1988
Pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis.
Holborow PL. Med J Aust. 1988
Cell-mediated immunity in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis syndrome.
Murdoch JC. N Z Med J. 1988
The post-viral syndrome: a review. [Full Text] [PDF]
Archer MI. J R Coll Gen Pract. 1987
Myalgic encephalomyelitis and the doctor.
Matthew C. N Z Med J. 1987
Myalgic encephalomyelitis and Immunovir.
Blackmore RJ. N Z Med J. 1986
Raphe nucleus encephalopathy (myalgic encephalomyelitis, epidemic neuromyasthenia). [PDF]
Maurizi CP. Med Hypotheses. 1985
Chronic relapsing myalgia (Post viral): clinical, histological, and biochemical studies.
Byrne E, Trounce I, Dennett X. Aust N Z J Med. 1985
Nonpolio causes of polio-like paralytic syndromes.
Gear JH. Rev Infect Dis. 1984
Myalgic encephalomyelitis–report of an epidemic. [PDF]
Fegan KG, Behan PO, Bell EJ. J R Coll Gen Pract. 1983
Myalgic encephalomyelitis: faulty fibres?
Parish G. Nurs Mirror. 1981
Myalgic encephalomyelitis: a baffling syndrome.
Ramsay M. Nurs Mirror. 1981
Myalgic encephalomyelitis “an obscene cosmic joke”?
Church AJ. Med J Aust. 1980
Personality and medical perception in benign myalgic encephalomyelitis. [Full Text] [PDF]
May PG, Donnan SP, Ashton JR, Ogilvie MM, Rolles CJ. Lancet. 1980
Post-infectious encephalomyelitis: some aetiological mechanisms. [PDF]
Behan PO. Postgrad Med J. 1978
Epidemiological approaches to ‘epidemic neuromyasthenia’: syndromes of unknown aetiology (epidemic myalgic encephalopathies). [PDF]
Thomas M. Postgrad Med J. 1978
Epidemic neuromyasthenia’ 1934-1977: current approaches. Proceedings of a symposium held by the Council of the Royal Society of Medicine at 1 Wimpole Street, London, W.1, on 7 April 1978.
Ramsay AM. Postgrad Med J. 1978
Post-infectious encephalomyelitis: some aetiological mechanisms. [PDF]
Behan PO. Postgrad Med J. 1978
Royal free disease: the tip of the Iceland disease iceberg.
Wookey C. Nurs Times. 1978
Icelandic disease (benign myalgic encephalomyelitis or Royal Free disease). [PDF]
Ramsay AM, Dowsett EG, Dadswell JV, Lyle WH, Parish JG. Br Med J. 1977
An outbreak of neuromyasthenia in a Kentucky factory–the possible role of a brief exposure to organic mercury.
Miller G, Chamberlin R, McCormack WM. Am J Epidemiol. 1967
The clinical syndrome variously called benign myalgic encephalomyelitis, Iceland disease and epidemic neuromyasthenia. [PDF]
Acheson ED. Am J Med. 1959
Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis: an outbreak in a nurses’ school in Athens.
Daikos GK, Garzonis S, Paleologue A, Bousvaros GA, Papadoyannakis N. Lancet. 1959
Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis; syndrome mimicking anterior poliomyelitis.
Greene IM. J Fla Med Assoc. 1958
Encephalitis myalgica epidemica, a poliomyelitis-like disease; epidemic neuromyasthenia, benign myalgic encephalomyelitis.
Gsell O. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1958
Epidemic neuromyasthenia, an outbreak in Punta Gorda, Florida; an illness resembling Iceland disease.
Clement WB, Gorda P Henderson DA, Lawrence JW, Bond JO. J Fla Med Assoc. 1958
Epidemic neuromyasthenia; an outbreak of poliomyelitislike illness in student nurses. [PDF]
Shelokov A, Habel K, Verder E, Welsh W. N Engl J Med. 1957
Benign myalgic encephalomyelitis (Akureyri disease, Iceland disease). [PDF]
Blattner RJ. J Pediatr. 1956
Benign Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. [PDF]
Lindan R. Can Med Assoc J. 1956
Iceland disease: a new infection simulating acute anterior poliomyelitis.
White DN, Burtch RB. Neurology. 1954